A colonoscopy is a procedure that allows your doctor to see the inside of your large intestine, from the lower part (the rectum) all the way to the end of the small intestines. The purpose of a colonoscopy is to:

• Enable your doctor to see inflamed tissue, ulcers and bleeding
• Remove polyps, or small abnormal growths in the lining of the colon
• Screen for and diagnose early signs of cancer

How do I prepare for the colonoscopy?

You will be given specific instructions regarding how to prepare for the procedure during your office visit. These instructions are designed to maximize your safety during and after the procedure and to minimize possible complications. It is important to read the instructions ahead of time and follow them carefully. Do not hesitate to call the doctor’s office if you have any questions.

Your colon must be empty in order for the procedure to be completed successfully. You will be asked to follow a clear liquid diet the day before the procedure. You will need to take a laxative prep the evening before the procedure. Your doctor will prescribe a prep solution that is appropriate for you. The prep solution often works within thirty minutes and will cause multiple bowel movements. You will need to stay close to a bathroom once the prep solution is started. You will need to make arrangements to have a responsible adult drive you to and from your procedure. You will be sedated for the procedure and will not be allowed to drive for the rest of the day.

How is a colonoscopy performed?

You should arrive at the facility approximately one hour prior to your scheduled procedure time. You may need to complete and sign some paperwork. The facility will provide you with a gown to wear for the procedure.

An intravenous line (IV) will be started in one of your arms. A blood pressure cuff will be placed on your other arm, you’ll be connected to an EKG machine, and an oxygen saturation device will be placed on your finger. This is so your vital signs can be closely monitored while you are sedated.

The doctor will enter the room before you are sedated. You will be asked to lie on your left side to begin the procedure. A certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA) will then begin administering the anesthesia and you will fall asleep. You will remain asleep for the entire procedure.

The doctor will insert a long, flexible, lighted tube that contains a small camera, called a colonoscope, into your rectum and slowly guide it throughout your colon. The doctor will be able to see images of your colon on a monitor as the colonoscope is advanced. Small amounts of air will be used to inflate the colon so the doctor will be able to clearly see every part of the colon tissue. The doctor will be carefully examining the tissue for any signs of abnormalities. If a polyp is found, the doctor can remove or destroy it using one of a variety of small instruments that pass through the colonoscope. If inflamed tissue or anything abnormal is seen, the doctor will take a biopsy or brushing of the suspicious area. Samples of the polyps or abnormal tissue will be sent to the lab for testing.

The actual colonoscopy should take approximately thirty to sixty minutes. After the exam is complete, the CRNA will stop administering the sedative and you will wake up. The adult who drove you to your exam may be asked to join you in the recovery area so you both can listen to the doctor’s findings. The doctor will explain what was found during the examination and will prescribe any necessary treatment.

Expected side effects from the procedure

You may experience minimal cramping, bloating, and/or gas after the procedure as a result of the air used to inflate the colon. If biopsies were taken or if polyps were removed, you may pass a small amount of blood, or blood-tinged mucus from your rectum. The medication used for sedation may irritate your veins, which can usually be relieved by applying a warm compress to the affected area.

After receiving sedation, you should spend the next twenty-four hours resting. Avoid any strenuous activity. You should not drink alcoholic beverages, sign any legal documents, make any serious decisions, drive or use machinery or appliances for the remainder of the day.

Your first meal after the procedure should be light. The doctor will advise you of any further dietary restrictions. You should resume your medications unless advised otherwise by your doctor.

Possible complications

Notify your doctor or nurse if you experience severe abdominal or shoulder pain, a fever, or vomiting. Notify your doctor or nurse immediately if you start to pass large amounts of blood or if blood passes continuously.

Though uncommon, possible complications of a colonoscopy include bleeding and puncture or perforation of the colon. Your doctor will explain all the risks of colonoscopy before you consent to having the procedure done.

In an emergency, always proceed to the nearest emergency room or call 911.

Disclaimer: The contents of this site are for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this site.